teenkrot.blogg.se - Causality vs causation

They forbid their children from playing at homes where guns are present, while ignoring more mundane, but far more likely risks like unfenced pools. They purchase expensive car seats, despite their dubious safety record. Unfortunately, this leads parents to go to extraordinary lengths and expend vast resources on measures that have a questionable impact on child safety.

They used to encourage stomach-sleeping for infants-now, since we know so much more about sudden infant death syndrome, they REALLY don’t.īecause the stakes are so high, parents are highly susceptible to fearmongering and conventional wisdom on childcare.

They used to advocate co-sleeping-now they don’t.

For years, childcare experts have advocated contradictory and ever-changing theories: Causation TrapĪ great demonstration of the correlation/causation trap can be found in the proliferation of popular theories about how “best” to raise children. How Parents Fall Prey to the Correlation vs. (Shortform note: this underlies a lot of popular superstitions, like people who wear their “lucky hats” to baseball games because they think it helps their team win.) This gives rise to the well-known saying, “correlation does not imply causation.” In reality, many correlated phenomena are correlated purely by chance. This seems like a satisfying explanation, until the data show the economy couldn’t have had a large effect.

For example, in the previous chapter, we saw that the economy improved while crime rates dropped. Oxford: Clarendon.When two things happen together, it’s tempting to believe that one caused the other. Are there non-causal explanations (of particular events)? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 65, 445–67. Scientific explanation and the causal structure of the world. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 13, 1–26. Probability, explanation, and information. ‘Two dogmas of empiricism.’ In From a logical point of View (2nd revised ed.)., pp. American Philosophical Quarterly, 19(3), 351–57. A simulacrum account of dispositional properties. American Philosophical Quarterly, 1(3), 221–32. ‘Objectivity, value judgment, and theory choice.’ In The essential tension: Selected studies in scientific tradition and change, pp. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. Explanatory unification and the causal structure of the world. Psillos (Eds.), The Routledge companion to philosophy of science (pp. Corry (Eds.), Causation, physics, and the constitution of reality: Russell’s republic revisited (pp. Aspects of scientific explanation and other essays in the philosophy of science.

Paul (Eds.), Causation and counterfactuals (pp. Menzies (Eds.), The oxford handbook of causation (pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Ĭhakravartty, A. Hunting causes and using them: Approaches in philosophy and economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Ĭartwright, N. The dappled world: A study of the boundaries of science. An introduction to the philosophy of science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Ĭarnap, R.